A
x::uriimpl
is a class that
represents a URI as defined in RFC 3986.
#include <x/uriimpl.H> x::uriimpl u("http://uid:pw@host/path?query#fragment"); std::cout << "scheme: " << u.get_scheme() << std::endl << "authority: " << (u.getAuthority() ? u.getAuthority().to_string() : std::string("(null)")) << std::endl << "path: " << u.get_path() << std::endl << "query: " << u.get_query() << std::endl << "fragment: " << u.get_fragment() << std::endl;
A
x::uriimpl
may also be constructed from an input sequence defined by a beginning and
an ending iterator.
x::uriimpl u(str.begin(), str.end());
The constructors throw an exception if the passed string cannot be
parsed as an URI. get_scheme(),
get_authority(),
get_path(),
get_query(), and
get_fragment() retrieve the corresponding parts of the
URI.
get_authority() returns a reference to
a
x::uriimpl::authority_t,
a class that's
convertible to a bool
indicating whether the URI includes
an authority part. Other get methods return a
std::string which will be empty if the
URI did not have the corresponding part.
x::uriimpl::authority_t has three fields:
userinfoThe “userinfo” portion of the authority.
has_userinfoThis bool is true if the authority specifies a “userinfo” part.
An empty string in userinfo does not necessarily
indicate that the authority did not have a “userinfo”
part. The strict syntax allows an empty userinfo to be specified.
If has_userinfo is true, and
userinfo is an empty string, the authority had
a “@” character with nothing to its
left.
hostport
The host portion of the authority, with an optional
“:port”
suffix.
set_scheme(),
set_authority(),
set_path(),
set_query(), and
set_fragment() replace the corresponding part of the
URI. Their
std::string parameter specifies the new value
(including set_authority()). An exception gets thrown
if the passed string contains characters that are not allowed in the
URI part.
A x::uriimpl may hold an absolute or a relative
URI. The += or +
operation combines two URIs together.
x::uriimpl absuri("http://example.com/cgi-bin/printenv.cgi"); absuri += x::uriimpl("../images"); std::string str; absuri.to_string(std::back_insert_iterator<std::string>(str));
to_string() formats the URI as
a string, and writes it to the given output iterator.
x::uriimpl defines all comparison operators, as
such this class may be used as a key in an associative container.
As specified by the RFC, the URI scheme and the
host component of the authority is case insensitive. This comparison
operation has no knowledge of scheme-specific semantics, so all other parts
of a URI are considered case sensitive.
#include <x/uriimpl.H> #include <x/http/form.H> x::uriimpl u("http://host/path?parameter=value"); auto form=u.get_form(); for (const auto ¶m: *form) { std::cout << param.first << "=" << param.second << std::endl; }
get_form() invokes
get_query() and returns a
x::http::form::parameters.
#include <x/uriimpl.H> #include <x/locale.H> x::uriimpl u("http://привет.example.com/path", x::locale::base::utf8()); std::cout << u.get_host_port().first << std::endl;
URIs that use international domain names get
constructed
with a second parameter to x::uriimpl's
constructor. The second parameter specifies the locale whose character
set encodes the international domain name.
There's an optional third parameter that specifies
LibIDN conversion flags:
IDNA_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED, and
IDNA_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES.
The international domain name is stored as its ASCII-compatible encoding, so the above example produces “xn--b1agh1afp.domain.com” on standard output.
std::string uri_utf8=u.to_stringi18n(x::locale::base::utf8());
to_stringi18n() returns the
URI as a string. An international domain name in the
URI gets converted from its
ASCII-compatible encoded
representation to the character set specified by the locale parameter.
#include <x/idn.H> std::string i18n; std::string str=x::idn::to_ascii(i18n, x::locale::base::environment()); i18n=x::idn::from_ascii(str, x::locale::base::environment());
idn.H defines
low level functions for converting
strings to or from ASCII-compatible encoding that's
used with international domain names.
Overloaded to_ascii() methods convert
international domain names encoded in the locale's codeset to
ASCII-compatible encoding method, and
from_ascii() does the reverse.